What is a Security Operations Center (SOC)?

A SOC is an outsourced office that is completely dedicated to analyzing traffic flow and monitoring for threats and attacks. In today’s world of cyberattacks and data breaches, companies of all sizes need to place an emphasis on securing their technology assets. But due to budget constraints and competing priorities, many organizations can’t afford to employ a full-time in-house IT security team. The smart solution to this problem is to look at partnering with a SOC or security operations center.

In this article, we’ll look at the basic functions of a security operations center as well as the different models and roles involved. It’s important to know what the best practices are for SOC security so that you can research your options and choose the best vendor.

• How SOCs Work?
• SOC Job Roles
• Benefits of SOCs
• Best Practices
• Frequently Asked Questions

How a Security Operations Center Works

Until the recent rise of cloud computing, standard security practice was for a company to choose a traditional software as a product (SaaP) malware scanning solution either via download or, in ancient days, a CD-Rom that arrived via mail. They’d add to that a firewall installed at the edge of the network, and trust that those measures would keep their data and systems safe. Today’s reality is a far different environment, with threats being cast all across the net as hackers invent new ways to launch profitable and sophisticated attacks like ransomware.

A SOC is an example of the software as a service (SaaS) software model in that it operates in the cloud as a subscription service. In this context, it provides a layer of rented expertise to a company’s cybersecurity strategy that operates 24/7 so that networks and endpoints are constantly being monitored. If a vulnerability is found or an incident is discovered, the SOC will engage with the on-site IT team to respond to the issue and investigate the root cause.

Standard SOC Operations

Individual SOC cybersecurity providers offer different suites of products and services. However, there is a core set of operational functions that a SOC must perform in order to add value for an organization. We have termed these as the seven competencies and will outline them here.

1. Asset Survey: In order for a SOC to help a company stay secure, they must have a complete understanding of what resources they need to protect. Otherwise, they may not be able to protect the full scope of the network. An asset survey should identify every server, router, firewall under enterprise control, as well as any other cybersecurity tools actively in use.
2. Log Collection: Data is the most important thing for a SOC to function properly and logs serve as the key source of information regarding network activity. The SOC should set up direct feeds from enterprise systems so that data is collected in real-time. Obviously, humans cannot digest such large amounts of information, which is why log scanning tools powered by artificial intelligence algorithms are so valuable for SOCs, though they do pose some interesting side effects that humanity is still trying to iron out.
3. Preventative Maintenance: In the best-case scenario, the SOC is able to prevent cyberattacks from occurring by being proactive with their processes. This includes installing security patches and adjusting firewall policies on a regular basis. Since some cyberattacks actually begin as insider threats, a SOC must also look within the organization for risks also.
4. Continuous Monitoring: In order to be ready to respond to a cybersecurity incident, the SOC must be vigilant in its monitoring practices. A few minutes can be the difference between blocking an attack and letting it take down an entire system or website. SOC tools run scans across the company’s network to identify potential threats and other suspicious activity.
5. Alert Management: Automated systems are great at finding patterns and following scripts. But the human element of a SOC proves its worth when it comes to analyzing automated alerts and ranking them based on their severity and priority. SOC staff must know what responses to take and how to verify that an alert is legitimate.
6. Root Cause Analysis: After an incident occurs and is resolved, the job of the SOC is just beginning. Cybersecurity experts will analyze the root cause of the problem and diagnose why it occurred in the first place. This feeds into a process of continuous improvement, with security tools and rules being modified to prevent future occurrences of the same incident.
7. Compliance Audits: Companies want to know that their data and systems are safe but also that they are being managed in a lawful manner. SOC providers must perform regular audits to confirm their compliance in the regions where they operate. What is a SOC report and what is a SOC audit? Anything that pulls data or records from cybersecurity functions of an organization. What is SOC 2? It’s a special auditing procedure related to information security and privacy.

Different SOC Models

Up to this point, we’ve been focused on an external SOC processor model where the company in question is paying for an outside SOC provider to manage their cybersecurity needs. However, there are several other SOC architecture models that can function in a similar fashion.

• Dedicated or Internal SOC — The enterprise sets up its own cybersecurity team within its workforce.
• Virtual SOC — The security team does not have a dedicated facility and often works remotely.
• Global or Command SOC — A high-level group that oversees smaller SOCs across a large region.
• Co-Managed SOC — The enterprise’s internal IT is tightly coupled with an outsourced vendor to manage cybersecurity needs jointly.

SOC Job Roles

For those with a background in cybersecurity, a SOC provider is a perfect place to build a career. Let’s run through some of the primary positions involved in running a SOC.

SOC Manager

SOC Managers are the leaders of their organization. The means top-level responsibilities fall to them, including hiring/firing, budgeting, and setting priorities. They typically report directly to the executive level, especially the chief information security officer (CISO).

Compliance Auditor

The compliance auditor plays a key role in the standardization of processes within a SOC. They essentially function as the quality control department, ensuring that SOC members are following protocols and adhering to government or industry regulations.

Incident Responder

Incident Responders are the people who are paid to react to alerts as soon as possible. They use a wide range of monitoring services to rank the severity of alerts, and once one has been deemed a full-scale issue, they engage with the affected enterprise to begin recovery efforts.

SOC Analyst

What is a security operations center analyst? The SOC analysts are responsible for reviewing past incidents and determining the root cause behind them. They typically have many years of experience in the cybersecurity profession.

Threat Hunter

These are the proactive members of the team who run tests across a network to identify areas of weaknesses. The goal is to find vulnerabilities before a hacker can exploit them with an attack.

What are the Benefits of a SOC?

With technology playing such a key role in every industry worldwide, cybersecurity must be a priority for all organizations. The SOC model has proven to be effective in many situations, and we’ll explore some of the key benefits below. Just keep in mind that by outsourcing your IT security activities, you do inherit a certain level of risk.

Financial Advantages

For most companies, employee salary is the biggest cost in their budget. Employing an entire team of cybersecurity professionals requires a huge up-front and ongoing investment. By adopting the SOC model, you are paying for a service instead with clear terms and less liability.

Minimizing Downtime

When a website or application goes down, it often means lost revenue or a negative hit against a company’s reputation. Using a SOC can minimize those effects and shorten the time to incident resolution. Even the most reliable uptime monitoring tools aren’t perfect, so having a security operations center in place builds redundancy into your network. Your internal staff has so many competing priorities that it might be beneficial to outsource cybersecurity activities to a SOC.

Building Customer Trust

A single data breach, like the Capital One data breach, can cause a customer to think twice about trusting a company with their private information. With so little room for error, putting a security operations center to work monitoring systems around the clock provides a sense of trust to all those who rely on the network and data.

Security Operation Center Best Practices

Now that SOCs have been established for a number of years, several best practices have emerged. These are not mandated requirements for SOCs to succeed, but they are things to look for when choosing a SOC provider.

Implementing Automation

SOC teams have to be as efficient as possible. That means they can’t waste all of their time reading log entries and watching traffic flows. Instead, they need to implement automation security operations center computer tools that use artificial intelligence to identify patterns and point them to what matters.

Cloud Approach

In the old days, you could slap a firewall at the edge of your data center and trust that everything inside was protected. But with the cloud computing movement, SOCs need to look at a wider scope. They should analyze how all pieces of a cloud infrastructure interact and where the vulnerabilities could be hiding.

Think Like a Hacker

Cybercriminals are always looking to invent new forms of attack that companies and individuals won’t see coming. In order to stay ahead of them, cybersecurity SOC teams need to take the same creative approach. If they spend all day worrying about antiquated threats, they will be blind to the new types of attacks lingering on the horizon. Penetration and chaos testing are crucial security operations center activities, as they force teams to look for vulnerabilities that exist in unexpected places.

SOC Solutions and Technologies

Teams have a wide range of SOC technologies at their disposal. Firewalls and intrusion detection systems provide the basic toolbox, but now smart products are arriving on the market that make security operations center tasks more efficient and more accurate. Take for example Varonis Edge, which analyzes all activity on perimeter devices and identifies the point of entry by hackers. Preventative SOC solutions are also seeing more advancement, like with the Varonis Data Classification Engine, which helps a security operations center pinpoint what repositories of information are most at risk.

Security Operation Center FAQs

Let’s take a look at some of the common questions that come up when talking about SOC procedures and roles.

Q: Why do you need a security operation center?

A: An SOC is vital to protect data, systems, and other enterprise resources. With a SOC arrangement, you can be assured that your network is safeguarded from attacks so that your employees can focus on their core activities instead of worrying about cybersecurity.

Q: What should a SOC monitor?

A: SOC tools and teams should monitor all traffic on a network from external sources. This means that every server, router, and database must be within the scope of the security operations center team.

Q: What is the difference between NOC and SOC?

A: A NOC is a network operations center. A NOC is focused primarily on minimizing downtime and meeting service level agreements, whereas a SOC looks deeper into cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.

Q: What is the difference between SOC and SIEM?

A: SIEM stands for Security Information and Event Management. A SOC is a group of people and tools that work together and SIEM is part of the practice they must follow.

When it comes to cybersecurity, enterprises need to prepare for the unexpected. That means having a robust plan for incident response. A security operations center team, alongside tools like Varonis Datadvantage, can ensure that problems are found quickly and resolved just as fast.